Wound Healing Activity of the Flavonoid-Enriched Fraction of Selaginella bryopteris Linn. against Streptozocin-Induced Diabetes in Rats

Diabetes and its complications, such as delayed wound healing, are increasing at an alarming rate in India, putting enormous strain on the country’s limited healthcare resources. Hence, present study proposes to screen/identify possible mechanisms effect of flavonoid-enriched fraction Selaginella bryopteris extract against human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT) streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic wounds a male Wistar rat model. Chemical profiling was performed by MTT assay. The obtained GC–MS analysis results showed presence amentoflavone, gallic acid, imidazole, palmitic catechine, L-fucitol, lupeol, myo-inositol major bioactive phytoconstituents. S. induces generation ROS, condensation chromatin nucleus, changes membrane potential mitochondria HaCaT lines. An bryopteris-dependent induction apoptosis-mediated death confirmed AO/PI analysis. Mitochondrial depolarization reflected JC-1 staining cells. size reduced epithelialization enhanced. Keratinocyte migration decreased interleukins, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-6 expression pro-apoptotic (p53, caspase-3, caspase-9, Bax) anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) genes dose-dependent manner. increased antioxidant enzyme levels (CAT, SOD, MDA, GSH). Wound healing is facilitated through mitochondria-mediated apoptosis pathway, revealing new area therapy.